GS222+Course+Glossary

=Week 1: What is Western Society?=
 * Imperialism:** the relationship of domination and subordination by one empire over a specific region, or often between states, usually accomplished through brutal coercion and militarization. This domination facilitates the empire’s control of the economic, territorial and cultural elements of that region. (Haddy John)


 * Globalization:** the increase of international trade and international connection, through a developing global relationship and decline in international barriers. (michelle macintyre)
 * Coca-colonization:** The colonization theory that involves the idea that the popular culture of the Western (or American) World is spreading to other countries and is being adopted by these countries as a part of their new and modern lifestyle. (Aryana Heit)


 * Globalization:** the process by which ideas, economics, businesses, cultures, and politics move beyond their native borders, and are conducted or practiced within a global community. While traditionally associated with economic practices as trade and investment moved across international borders, globalization now encompasses a country's culture as a whole. (Robert Frazer)

=Week 2: Navigating Liberal Toleration=
 * Empiricism:** the practical application of methods based on real life experiences. More scientifically, it is the use of certain methods based on experimentation and direct observation of the results. (Robert Frazer)

**Enlightenment:** basing ideas on reasoning rather then intuition alone. A movement to launch scientific findings to find correct and concrete evidence for ideas in an effort to develop society forward. (Victoria Nicholson)

=**Week 3: Locke's Letter**=
 * Atheist:** a person who does not believe in any one religion, does not believe in god, or the existence of a higher power. (Robert Frazer)

=Week 4: Locke's Legacy=
 * Minaret:** an Arabic term meaning beacon or lighthouse, is an Islamic architectural structure. The minaret is a tower connected to and standing taller than the mosque from which the 5 daily calls to prayer are made. (Haddy John)
 * Tolerance:** the process of allowing those who hold beliefs, customs, opinions, and practices different from one's own to co-exist peacefully in a society within which one also resides without persecution or harassment. (Robert Frazer)


 * Multiculturalism** - when many different cultures and ethnicity's can live together peacefully in tolerance and acceptance of one another (ex.Canada as a Mosaic) (Rebecca Schwegler)


 * Morality -** what an individual takes as what constitutes right and wrong through their values and beliefs systems (Rebecca Schwegler)

=Week 5: Foundations of Liberalism=
 * Consequentialism:** is the moral ethic theory that the judgement of one's actions are based on the consequences that it receives. (Kaitlin Hart)

**Week 6: Individualism**
 * Utilitarianism:** The thinking that actions are only right if they are for the benefit of the vast majority, keeping the most amount of people content. (Rebecca Schwegler)
 * Classical Liberalism**: based on limited government intervention with moral equality and toleration as its core values (Sean McGregor)

=Week 7 Individual and Social Claims of Justice= =Week 8: Just Community= =Week 9: Minority Rights=
 * Teleology** - the doctrine of living not by cause but by the purpose or ends you serve in the world (Rebecca Schwegler)
 * Difference Principle**- is a system that will allow the social and economic inequalities that exist in society to remain, as long as they benefit those in society who are the least advantaged. (Laura Yurincich)
 * Common good** - as a utilitarian ideal, it is the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Even more ideally, the greatest number of individuals would include all of those in a society. (Robert Frazer)
 * Homogenization** - the process or act of making things similar or uniform. (Robert Frazer)


 * Ghettoization -** is the process of becoming isolated and unprivileged, in context of our course this refers to immigrants isolating themselves within communities of people from their homeland and therefore isolating themselves within the Canadian community and possibly missing out on economic opportunity by doing so (Rebecca Schwegler)

=Week 10: Liberal Multiculturalism=
 * Citizenisation -** framing differential ethnopolitical claims through the language of human rights, civil liberties, and democratic accountability. (Robert Frazer)

=Week 11: Internationalisation of (Ethnic) Minority Rights=
 * Hybridized -** in Chemistry it means to cross-breed, in relation to this course it means people that have "multiple Identities" (Juric), people come from mixed backgrounds creating more multicultural people and therefore a more multicultural hybridized society. (Rebecca Schwegler)
 * Generic Minority Rights** - These rights apply to all ethnic and cultural minorities. An example of this is the minorities clause of Article 27 in the UN's 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: "In those States in which ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities exist, persons belonging to such minorities shall not be denied the right, in community with the other members of their group, to enjoy their own culture, to profess and practice their own religion, or to use their own language" (as seen in Kymlicka's text page 200). (Deanna Sim)


 * Communism -** Karl Marx's theory about the class divide, where he believed one day everything would be publicly owned and people would get paid equally to their ability in their role. (Rebecca Schwegler)


 * Targeted Minority Rights**- These are rights designed for specific groups or types of people. For example, rights for indigenous peoples, national minorities, immigrants, etc. (Deanna Sim)


 * Oligarchy -** a form of government where a few people have the ruling power. (Robert Frazer)


 * Substate Nationalism-** Emphasizes the collective identity of minority groups and their independence from the primary state in which they reside. (Jora Hayman)

=Week 12: Summary and Conclusion=